Abstract
Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (or high melting explosive, HMX) is an N-nitrated, eight-member heterocyclic ring compound that is used in military munitions. Occupational and environmental contamination might be due to the manufacturing process; environmental discharge of waste waters; during the manufacture of explosives; and in load, assembly, and pack (LAP) activities at U.S. Army ammunition plants and other military installations. The acute oral LD50 values range from 2 to 6mg/kg in rats and mice. The acute NOAEL-based approximate TRV of 0.5mg/kg and LOAEL-based TRV of 1mg/kg were determined. The NOAEL for ingestion TRV for mammalian omnivorous was 62.5mg/kg/d and the NOAEL of 9mg/kg/d was derived from a subchronic study of mice. The amphibian ingested NOAEL-based TRV was 197mg/kg. The limited avian and reptilian toxicity data warrants to develop TRVs for the wildlife species.
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