Abstract
Teichoic acids and similar molecules can make up 50% of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, and their lipid-linked analogues are bound to the cytoplasmic membrane, expressed on the surface and are essential for viability. Their main function is to bind cations for use by the bacterial cell. They also function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulating the host innate immune system. As antigens they are often important in serodiagnostics. The capsular polysaccharides of some Gram-negative bacteria have teichoic acid like structures.
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