Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are small-sized carbon nanomaterials with diameters less than 10nm. CDs have unique physical and chemical properties including optical properties such as fluorescence, luminescence, and photoluminescence. In addition, they exhibit biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, chemical stability, electroconductivity, high reactivity, surface functionality, and low toxicity. The presence of several functionalities and different sizes are responsible for their broad physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, their properties can be improved using various methods to tune their size, chemical structure, and surface functionality. Additionally, their properties are significantly dependent upon several factors such as pH, reaction time, temperature, nature of the solvent, concentration of CDs, etc. In this chapter, we will deliberate the various physical and chemical properties of CDs, factors affecting their properties, and their applications.
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