Abstract
This chapter discusses the concepts, theory, and sizing equations for the separation of two immiscible liquid phases—crude oil and produced water. The separator design concepts that have been presented in the book are related to the two-phase separation of liquid and gas and are applicable to the separation of gas that takes place in three-phase separators, gas scrubbers, and any other device in which gas is separated from a liquid phase. The basic design aspects of three-phase separation are identical to a two-phase separation. The concepts and equations pertaining to a two-phase separation are equally valid for a three-phase separation. In three-phase separation the more concern is placed on liquid–liquid settling rates; and that some means of removing the free water must be added. Liquid–liquid settling rates are also discussed in the chapter. Water removal is a function of the control methods used to maintain separation and removal from the oil. Several control methods are applicable to three-phase separators. The shape and diameter of the vessel determine the types of control used.
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