Abstract
ABSTRACT A nonintrusive experimental tool is useful for a better physical understanding of fluid transport phenomena in hollow-fiber membrane modules and as test cases for validating, improving, or developing numerical models. In this chapter, we introduced two innovative, nonintrusive flow-imaging techniques using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for characterizing fluid transport phenomena in hollow-fiber membrane modules. These flow-imaging techniques are called the 2-D Phase-Contrast (2DPC) and 2-D Fourier-Transform (2DFT) techniques. The principles, validation, advantages, limitations, and some examples of experimental results are presented. We used the 2DPC technique to study the spatial flow distribution and the 2DFT technique to characterize the flow profile and quantify the local ultrafiltration rates in hollow-fiber artificial kidneys (also known as hemodialyzers). These flow-imaging techniques are equally applicable to other hollow-fiber membrane modules.
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