Chapter 5 - Neuroimmune Modulation

Abstract

Publisher Summary Neural effects on immune responsiveness are further mediated by the peripheral nervous system (PNS) innervation of the skin and the body's mucosal surfaces. Neural effects on immune function also occur as a result of direct innervation by the PNS of glandular tissue and the lymphoid organs. The PNS encompasses all neural elements outside of the brain and the spinal cord. It consists primarily of sensory and motor pathways carrying information to and from the tissues of the body. Visceral sensory neurons convey signals from internal organs and mucosal surfaces to the central nervous system (CNS). The visceral outflow is known as the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and consists of two principal subdivisions—the sympathetic and the parasympathetic branches. The parasympathetic and sympathetic branches are primarily concerned with conservation or mobilization of energy, respectively. They can be differentiated on the basis of neuroanatomical considerations. The juxtaposition of neural processes and immune cells in various tissues is not sufficient to demonstrate functional interaction, although it clearly increases the probability that such interaction could occur.