Abstract
Different mechanisms drive the production of biopolymers of natural origin. They can be produced through the chemical synthesis of the basic building units of biological origin or from any biological matter. They are widely produced from microorganisms apart from the plant origin, which have attracted attention owing the simplicity of the scale-up process. The production of microbial biopolymers can be enhanced at the level of medium engineering gained through genetic engineering approaches. This biopolymer is predominantly needed for food packaging, medical field, drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, biosensors, and cosmetics, in addition to other industrial fields. The current chapter summarizes the efficient applications of microbial biopolymers along with different strategies employed in its extensive production, in particular of polyhydroxyalkanoates.
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