Chapter 5 - Catalytic ozonation

Abstract

This chapter demonstrates the application of the different Activated Carbons (ACs) and the nickel oxide (NiO) as catalyst in ozonation. Catalytic ozonation with three diverse ACs was evaluated in the decomposition of three PHAs (anthacene, fluorene, and phenanthrene). The kinetics of catalytic ozonation in the presence of AC was studied. The catalytic ozonation in the presence of NiO was evaluated in the degradation of benzoic and phthalic acids, where the effect of the number of carboxalic groups on the degradation efficiency was proven. The feasibility of combining conventional and catalytic ozonations was evaluated in the degradation of phenol (PH), 4-phenolsulfonic (4-PSA) and 2-naphtalenesulphonic acids (2-NSA) with NiO. The effect of ethanol as cosolvent in the ozonation of naphthalene and naproxen in the presence of NiO was investigated. Also, a novel mathematical model describing the effect of the catalyst in ozonation is discussed in detail. Two variants of the DNNO design are compared: the first one uses linear learning laws that ensure asymptotic zone-convergence of the estimation error, while the second implements normalized learning laws.