Abstract
Atomic spectroscopy (AS)can be divided into three related techniques on the basis of the processes used to generate, detect, and measure the free atoms of the analyte. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) measures the quantity of light absorbed by the atoms of an analyte. The most popular radiation sources for AAS are hollow cathode lamps (HCLs). These devices contain a hollow cathode cylinder which has been coated with the analyte of interest and a collector anode which is located near the constricted orifice of the cathode cylinder. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic fluorescence (AF) measure the quantity of radiation emitted by the analyte atoms that have been promoted to higher energy levels. AE and AF differ fundamentally in the processes by which the analyte atoms acquire the extra energy of their excited states; either through collisional events (AE) or by the absorption of radiant energy (AF).
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