Abstract
This chapter shows how two-photon effects can change the properties of laser light. The chapter reviews the research on two-photon quantum processes, leading up to the development and characterization of continuous-wave two-photon masers and lasers. The chapter focuses on an experimental perspective and describes simple theoretical models of two-photon lasers to develop a conceptual foundation for their behavior. A technique for modifying the coherence properties of laser light is to operate the device in the “cavity quantum electrodynamics regime” where only a small number of atoms and photons interact with and are strongly coupled to the optical resonator. The coherence properties of laser light can also be modified by exploiting different types of light-matter interactions. Thus, the two-photon laser is a unique class of quantum oscillator that has an unusual threshold behavior, displays nonlinear dynamical instabilities, and is predicted to produce beams of light with interesting quantum statistical properties.
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