Abstract
The effects of dietary factors on cancer development were inconsistent partly due to the study designs including the characteristics of the study population and the potential inaccuracies of dietary assessment and also due to the relationship may be influenced by genetic factors. The studies on the genetic influence on the relationship between dietary factors and cancer development are also equivocal. The modification of a phenotype to the relationship of dietary factors on cancer development could influence the inconsistencies of results from cancer molecular epidemiologic studies. One example is the inconsistent effects of folic acid on the risk of breast cancer. The degradation of the enzyme’s (MTHFR) capacity to use substrate may be affected by genetic polymorphism (genotype 677TT), which determines reduced enzyme activity. Given the evidence that diet can modify cancer risk, gene-diet interactions in cancer etiology would be anticipated. However, much of the evidence in this area comes from observational epidemiology, which limits the causal inference. Thus, the investigation of these interactions is essential to gain a full understanding of the impact of genetic variation on health outcomes.
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