Abstract
This chapter highlights important carbon compounds and their sources. Modern life is thus based in many ways on a wide variety of substances containing carbon. The study of carbon compounds that occur naturally and that can be made in laboratories is consequently an important part of chemistry and is known as organic chemistry. Both biochemistry and organic chemistry are concerned almost exclusively with carbon compounds. Large sums of money are spent on research to discover substances that could take the place of important natural materials such as wool, rubber, and petrol. Petroleum is formed in the rocks of the earth's crust from the remains of animals and plants. The gas and oil occur in very small quantities in the pore spaces of the sediments. Salt water is always associated with them. The rocks containing petroleum are known as source rocks. Other materials that can be used as fuels are found on and in the surface rocks of the earth. They are derived from plant material and include peat, lignite, brown coal, bituminous coal, anthracite, and kerosene shale.
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