Abstract
In the simplest terms, radiation is energy in transit in the form of high-speed particles or electromagnetic waves. In typical usage, the word radiation means the ionizing radiation, i.e. radiation with enough energy to release electrons in the material it interacts with, such as gamma rays and beta particles. Non-ionizing radiation sources such as microwaves or radio waves can also be a hazard though. Radioactive materials, substances that give off radiation, are found naturally in everything we touch, eat, and inhale. The Earth's atmosphere is continually bombarded with cosmic radiation, some of which reaches the surface. Radiation is a known carcinogen and mutagen to which every human on the planet is exposed to every second of every day. Radiation is a natural part of our environment and it plays important roles in medicine, industry, and academic research.
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