Abstract

Fossil, archaeological, and genetic evidence are united in supporting a recent African origin of modern humans and dispersal out of Africa within the past 60,000–80,000years. However, genome sequences obtained directly from the fossils of archaic humans (Neandertals and Denisovans) clearly indicate that these archaic humans contributed genetic ancestry to non-African populations. This archaic ancestry is an important source of new insights into the migration history of modern humans. In particular, the overall view of recent human evolution is one of multiple episodes of migrations and admixture.

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