Abstract
The chapter gives an introduction to terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and describes in detail the principles of source, detector, and THz time domain spectroscopy (TDS) setups. It also describes the extraction of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index from the recorded spectral data and the THz imaging procedure, which is important in the imaging of pharmaceutical samples. The advantages and disadvantages of the THz TDS technique are compared in relation to the other spectroscopic techniques. Applications of this spectroscopic technique to pharmaceutical samples, bacterial samples, and in the upcoming field of agricultural samples have been discussed. The chapter ends with a future outlook and indicates the directions in which further research and applications may be undertaken.
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