Abstract
The global demand for plant-based proteins has increased significantly in recent years due to their potential as a substitute for meat proteins and the health benefits they provide. Unconventional plant-based protein sources, such as leaves, stems, and shoots of plants, horticultural wastes and by-products, and hemp, are being explored for their potential to develop innovative and healthy foods. These protein sources are not only protein-rich but also contain other nutritive and bioactive components such as phytochemicals, fibers, minerals, and vitamins. There are several applications of these unconventional protein sources in the food industry, including edible coatings, food stabilizers, and as carriers of various nutrients. Bioactive peptides from these sources possess antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and immunomodulatory properties, which may be utilized for the development of antimicrobial and active packaging films for food products. Additionally, protein-based hydrogels may find applications in the controlled release of functional compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Although these unconventional protein sources offer a potential solution to the increasing demand for plant-based proteins, their commercialization and consumption come with their own set of challenges and limitations. These include issues related to processing and scaling up production, sensory and technological properties, and consumer acceptance. Despite these challenges, the plant-based protein market is growing, and new alternative protein-based startup companies are setting a benchmark in this field. Overall, this chapter provides an insight into the potential of unconventional plant-based protein sources, their nutritional and compositional features, and their respective applications in the food industry. It also highlights the challenges associated with their commercialization and consumption and the opportunities for innovation and growth in this market.
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