Abstract
This chapter describes the major industrial processing techniques for plastics. It includes processes used for (i) thermoplastics e.g. extrusion, injection moulding, blow moulding, thermoforming, and calendering; (ii) thermosets e.g. compression moulding, transfer moulding, and reaction injection moulding; and (iii) reinforced plastics e.g. spray-up, resin injection moulding, filament winding, and pultrusion. In each case it explains the main variants of each process and its major applications. Illustrations are used throughout to highlight key process features and operating conditions. The chapter also includes the development of basic relationships for the analysis of a number of processes, such as calculating output from an extruder, clamping force and mould balancing in injection moulding, wall thicknesses in blow moulding and thermoforming, and heat transfer in rotational moulding.
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