Abstract
In this chapter planar chromatography using an electric field to force the mobile phase into movement is described. The theoretical basis and advantages of electroosmotic flow of the mobile phase applied to planar chromatography/electrochromatography are presented. Development of equipment used for separations in open planar electrochromatography (PEC) systems (comprising three phases and with initially dry or prewetted adsorbent layer), and completely closed pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC) ones (comprising two phases) is described. The advantages and disadvantages of various constructional and methodological solutions are explained and discussed. The influence of various operating variables on separation efficiency, selectivity, solute migration distance and its reproducibility in PEC and PPEC systems is discussed. Examples of PEC and PPEC applications to separation of different mixtures are presented, including on-line sample injection. The combination of planar chromatography and planar electrophoresis/electrochromatography in a two-dimensional (2D) separation process is shown. The latest achievements in this field, i.e., combination of planar chromatography and planar electrophoresis/electrochromatography into a single simultaneous 2D separation process, including orthogonal PPEC, are demonstrated.
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