Chapter 4 - Nanotechnology in Operative Dentistry: A Perspective Approach of History, Mechanical Behavior, and Clinical Application

Abstract

This chapter discusses the clinical application of nanotechnology in operative dentistry. Nanotechnology aims at the creation and utilization of materials and devices at the level of atoms, molecules, and supramolecular structures, and in the exploitation of unique properties of particles with size ranging from 0.1 to 100 nm. Nanofilled composite resin materials are believed to offer excellent wear resistance, strength, and ultimate aesthetics due to their exceptional polishability and luster retention. In operative dentistry, nanofillers constitute spherical silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles with an average size of 5–40 nm. The real innovation about nanofillers is the possibility of improving the load of inorganic phase. The effect of this high filler load is widely recorded in terms of mechanical properties. Microhybrid composites with additional load of nanofillers are the best choice in operative dentistry. It is expected that in near future, it would be possible to use a filler material in operative dentistry, whose shape and composition would closely mimic the optical and mechanical characteristics of the natural hard tissues (enamel and dentin). This chapter discusses in detail about the nanotechnology application in operative dentistry. It also explains the basic concepts of fillers in composite resins, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy evaluation, and filler weight content.