Abstract
Wastewater discharge by industrial, domestic, or agricultural bodies can contain various heavy metals, waste catalysts, volatile-organic-compounds, sludge, oil, pathogens, and contaminants of emerging concern. Discharge of wastewater into the environment has resulted in severe damage to ecosystems and living organisms. Moreover, water scarcity and strict environmental regulations require proper reclamation and reuse of wastewater. In this regard, the bioelectrochemical system (BES) is an emerging hybrid technology for wastewater reclamation. BES is a transdisciplinary system that requires inputs from microbiology, molecular studies, membrane technology, environmental science, electrochemistry, etc. BES utilizes microbial activity for the transformation of waste into energy. Integration of membranes with BES as separators or electron transporters can increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment. Microbial flue cell, microbial electrolysis cell, and microbial desalination cell are different types of membrane-integrated BES. Integration of low cost membranes with BES can reduce the cost to industry and of waste disposal. Energy harnessing is one of the advantages of BES that make it a potential alternative to the conventional technologies for wastewater treatment and reclamation.
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