Chapter 4 - Ion Channels and Action Potential Generation

Abstract

Ion channels mediate many aspects of neuronal signaling, from the responses of neurons to neurotransmitters to the generation of action potentials that allow signals to travel along axons. By understanding the relationship between ion flow (or flux) through channels and membrane potential, it is possible to determine how action of a particular type of ion channel will affect a neuron. Voltage-gated ion channels, which respond to electrical activity and are essential for the generation of action potentials, are among the most common types of ion channels in neurons. Specifically, action potentials are generated by current moving through voltage-gated sodium and potassium ion channels. In this chapter, we will cover roles voltage-gated ion channels play in the generation and conduction of action potentials and how this underlies communication between neurons.