Chapter 4 - Glucose biosensing with gold and silver nanoparticles for real-time applications

Abstract

During last few decades environmental issues are at the topmost level around the world causing unfortunate health and energy-related problems. By 2014, there were about 422 million adults with diabetes globally. This number will increase to about 592 million by 2035. Even though tracking the glucose in diabetic patient is at peak and more sensing strips are available, researchers are mainly focused on developing nonenzymatic glucose sensor, whereas enzyme-based glucose sensor suffers from many drawbacks, such as high cost, pH value, humidity, temperature, and poor long-term stability. Many efforts are made by humans toward synthesis of nonenzymatic glucose sensing materials mainly based on noble nanostructured materials such as Ag, Au, etc. A series of methods have been developed to measure blood glucose levels such as non-enzymatic electrochemical detection, colorimetric detection, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and fluorescence detection. Various metal oxide nanoparticles such as CuO, La2O3, etc., and carbon-based materials are used for biosensing. Though various nanoparticles are available in earlier reports, this book chapter is mainly focused on noble metal (Ag, Au) nanoparticles as glucose sensors for detecting the desired bioanalyte of interest due to its distinctive properties. Hence here we give the detailed description on the recent developments of glucose sensors based on noble metal nanoparticles and real-time applications for the detection. The book chapter will be comprised of: