Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses DNA-based biosensors. DNA-based biosensor is a complementary tool for the study of biomolecular interaction mechanisms of compounds with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) enabling the screening and evaluation of the effect caused to dsDNA by health hazardous compounds and oxidizing substances. Many DNA-based biosensors (genosensors) are based on the ability of complementary nucleic acid strands to selectively form hybrid complexes. The basis of operation of a DNA hybridization biosensor is the complementary coupling among the specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequences (the target) within the analyte. Biosensors are developed for the detection of DNA hybridization based on optical, surface acoustic wave, and electrochemical transducers. DNA biosensors have numerous applications: (1) they provide analytical tools for measuring the presence of a single molecular species in a complex mixture, (2) they pre-screen hazard compounds causing damage to DNA, and (3) they help to explain DNA–protein interactions.
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