Abstract
Access to clean drinking water affordable to the entire human population is a formidable challenge facing the world in the 21st century. Wastewater treatment plants across the world commonly use traditional processes to remove various contaminants from water. These processes are not efficient and reliable for completely removing biological contaminants, such as disease-causing microbes, to ensure safety for human consumption. The development of broad-spectrum-active water decontamination materials is therefore of utmost importance. Nanotechnology has the potential to become the next-generation water purification system and address the formidable challenges. This chapter summarizes the research conducted on nanomaterials for decontamination as well as sensing and detection of biological contaminants in water.
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