Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technologies employed for wastewater treatment can be classified according to membrane configuration: flat sheet (FS), hollow fiber (HF), and multitube (MT). Almost all immersed MBRs (iMBRs) are rectangular but exceptions are (1) the Orelis Pleiade PAN FS membrane used for sidestream treatment, (2) the Polymem (PS) and Ultraflo (PAN) sidestream HF systems, (3) the hexagonal/octagonal rotating immersed Huber FS membrane, and (4) the Millenniumpore MT membrane, which has been used as an immersed module and for airlift sidestream. The majority of HF MBR membrane products that are currently on the market are vertically mounted and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) based. Distinctions in HF MBR systems can be found mainly in the use of reinforcement of the membrane. The impact of aeration is influenced by the membrane spatial distribution.
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