Abstract
Risk assessment is defined as the characterization of the potential adverse effects of human exposure to environmental hazards. Risk assessment remains a continuously evolving science due to the technological and scientific advancements that allow us to understand better the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment. This chapter discusses the four steps of the risk assessment paradigm including: hazard identification, dose–response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Each step is briefly discussed with a focus on human health risk assessment and the application of United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines, which provide the most comprehensive and inclusive guidelines for the risk assessment paradigm.
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