Abstract
The chapter discusses various environmentally benign synthetic methods in the field of ring transformations reported in the 1996–2021 period. Both cyclization, including intermolecular and intramolecular reactions, and ring opening reactions are reviewed focusing mainly on 5-membered and 6-membered rings. Among the representative examples discussed there are many well-established ring transformations, such as the Diels-Alder reaction, the Paal-Knorr synthesis, the Huisgen cycloaddition or the Nazarov cyclization, described from a green perspective. Synthetic methods for the preparation of various natural products and heterocycles are reviewed as well, including piperazines, pyridines, benzodiazepines, isopulegol, and terpenoids.
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