Abstract
Lewisite is a chemical warfare agent that was used during World War I, has been stockpiled in the United States, and has been used by other nations. Its unplanned release into the environment is possible. It degrades rapidly to lewisite oxide. Its potent vesicant produces rapid toxic effects from acute oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes. The oral subacute rabbit study of an estimated 7-day dose of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.07 milligrams per kilogram per day (mg/kg/day) and a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.2mg/kg/day enabled derivation of Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) of 0.004mg/kg/day and 0.03mg/kg/day, respectively. The inhalation TRV was derived from a vapor exposure lethal concentration (LCt50) of 500mg/min/m3 for NOAEL of 5.0mg/min/m3 and LOAEL of 0.25mg/min/m3. The dermal TRVs that were derived on the LD50 of 15mg/kg were 0.15mg/kg of NOAEL and 0.75mg/kg of LOAEL. No data is available on avian wildlife, amphibians, and reptiles.
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