Abstract
The mountain ecosystem in Tajikistan is of great importance for the survival of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Tajikistan is located in the center of the distribution and its mountains have a key connecting role in the entire range. The presence of snow leopards and their wild prey are indicators of a healthy mountain ecosystem of unique ecological, economic, aesthetic and spiritual significance. The total habitat of the snow leopard in Tajikistan covers about 2.8% of the current global range of the species. Snow leopards face many threats to their survival, ranging from retaliatory killing as a result of livestock-snow leopard conflict, illegal trade in snow leopards and their parts, and decline in the prey base. Priorities in reducing threats include reducing human-snow leopard conflicts through the use of predator-proof corrals, livestock guard dogs, and improved husbandry practices. Addressing the threats to the key snow leopard prey (Marco Polo sheep, ibex and markhor) in particular from poaching is also critical and is being accomplished by the community conservancies and the anti-poaching networks.
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