Abstract
This chapter introduces the fundamental principles of how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents work, and the progress in molecular MRI agent development and applications in three major categories: gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents. These agents are designed to bind to biological and pathological targets or be responsive to enzyme activities, pH changes, or metabolites. The interactions of these agents with targets and environment result in increased relaxivity and improved specificity and efficiency compared to conventional nonspecific contrast agents. Translation of molecular MRI agents will likely usher in a new era of highly specific and sensitive imaging of human physiology and pathology with unprecedented detail to advance diagnosis, therapy development, and treatment monitoring.
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