Abstract
About 70% of landforms on the earth are covered with water, of which only 2%–3% is freshwater usable by life forms. The textile industry alone utilizes majority of water for its dyeing process and releases colored effluent causing water pollution thereby increasing the need for the reuse of water. The textile effluent consists of a wide range of pollutants namely dyes, organic and inorganic compounds, suspended solids, surfactants and mineral oils, etc., leading to severe water pollution. The important parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, pH, color, salinity, total suspended solids, and total dissolved solids decide the nature of the water effluent released from the textile industry. The techniques used for textile wastewater treatment are broadly classified into three different types such as physical, chemical, and biological. The conventional methods, such as adsorption, flocculation, sedimentation, membrane filtration, coagulation, precipitation, etc., result only in treatment of wastewater to some extent of recovery. Currently researchers are trying to achieve the highest recovery by implementing combinations of two or more of these methods. Emerging techniques showing greater efficiency are ultrasonic technology, photochemical oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, coagulation—anaerobic baffled reactor—oxidation ditch process, and anaerobic-aerobic biological carbon contacts.
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