Abstract
Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research has significantly contributed to our understanding of the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Structural MRI studies have demonstrated increased total brain volume, as well as an atypical trajectory of neurodevelopment in children with ASD. Differences in cortical gray and white matter volume have also been recorded in affected individuals, with diffusion tensor imaging revealing decreased white matter integrity at a microstructural level. Functional MRI research has found abnormalities in cortical activation and connectivity in ASD via task-based approaches. In addition, resting state studies have revealed atypical patterns of connectivity in the default-mode network. Despite these encouraging findings, additional large-scale neuroimaging studies are needed to further inform the neurobiological underpinnings of ASD.
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