Abstract
During recent years, in parallel with major technological changes that have transformed the productivity of the steel industry, there have been increasing demands for improved steel quality. These demands are being met by advances in our knowledge of the chemical, physical, and thermal interactions between steel, gas, slag, and refractory phases which take place within individual reactors as well as during transfer between reactor and the next. The traditional concepts of slag capacities and basicity ratios are used in order to characterize slag behavior as well as the relatively new concept of optical basicity. Examples are presented of how optical basicity can be used to optimize the design of slags so that they will possess properties that are most appropriate for different operating conditions such as desulfurization and/or hydrogen control. Transfer operations must be precisely controlled in order to preserve steel quality; otherwise, quality achieved within one reactor can be lost during transfer to the next. In addition to the generation and preservation of steel quality during processing, novel sensor technologies are finding increasing application for the monitoring and evaluation of metallurgical operations so that the occurrence of any detrimental variations due to perturbations or imperfections within the processing system can be detected and corrected at an early stage.
Published Version
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