Abstract
Many welding processes require the application of heat and or pressure to produce a suitable bond between the two parts being joined. The selection of suitable welding consumable (electrode or wire) is also an important factor in producing suitable weldments. The choice depends on the intended engineering stress on the weld and the welding process being used for the work. The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process is one of the earliest arc welding processes, and a versatile one for welding ferrous and several non-ferrous metals. The electroslag welding (ESW) process involves a molten slag that melts the filler metal and the surfaces of the work-pieces to be joined and can only be used on carbon steel and low alloy steels, and must be performed in the vertical position. Stud welding is used to describe joining a metal stud or similar part to a metal work-piece. Welding can be done with many processes, such as arc, resistance, friction, and percussion. Arc-welding processes use specialized power sources that provide specific characteristics of the electric arc to give that special edge to the process. Constant voltage power sources are used in welding processes that are self-regulating and use a constant feed electrode, mostly in the form of wire. Some welding sources are linked with their own prime mover that is linked to a generator or alternator that produces the required open circuit voltage for arc welding.
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