Abstract
Subchapter 3.1 introduces the physical process of solidification by crystallization. The transformation includes two steps, nucleation and crystal growth. Nucleation is described by cluster formation according to the Langevin equation. Auto-correlation function, random events and Boltzmann probability equation are used. Nucleation kinetics is described in terms of embryos, nuclei, and critical size. The equation for critical nucleus size is derived. Temperature-dependent nucleation is described following Turnbull–Fisher treatment. Crystal growth is described in terms of heat of fusion, degree of super-cooling, and viscosity. Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse relation is discussed. Kinetics of crystallization is derived following the Avrami approach. Morphology of grain texture is related to crystallization kinetics.
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