Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs are a class of non-coding transcripts with 15–200 nucleotides in length, which are often involved in gene regulation at the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional level. In this chapter, we first introduce three types of well-studied canonical small non-coding RNAs, i.e. microRNA, small interfering RNA, and Piwi-interacting RNA, and briefly depict their roles in epigenetic regulation. Second, we focus on two classes of non-canonical small non-coding RNAs, tRNA-derived small RNA and rRNA-derived small RNA, which are markedly under investigated but interestingly are involved in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Finally, we review the high-throughput approaches to profile small non-coding RNAs and introduce a state-of-the-art open-source framework to analyze both canonical and non-canonical small non-coding RNAs.
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