Abstract
Many enclosed and semi-enclosed seas with densely populated and industrialized watersheds are subject to excess eutrophication and deterioration of the quality of water and sediment because of human activities. Conversely, part of the production in the sea is supported by the nutrient loading from land. A healthier marine environment will be achieved with fewer anthropogenic effects. Too little nutrient loading from land, however, carries the risk of reducing the productivity of higher trophic levels, such as fish production, through a production decline in the lower trophic levels, although excess nutrient loading from land induces eutrophication and the deterioration of the quality of water and sediment.
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