Abstract

Syngas contains various impurities that are derived mainly from coal and subsequent chemical reaction during the gasification process. Because the gasification operation is performed at high temperature, generally higher than 1000°C, condensed matter, as well as gaseous components, is carried on the syngas to the outlet of the gasifier. Thus, the nature of the impurities in syngas is divided roughly into two categories, noncondensable and condensable matter. The syngas is usually cooled to a specific temperature across the outlet of the gasifier to the downstream equipment. Some of the condensable impurities are trapped during the process of cooling down. Noncondensable impurities are not completely stable in syngas, because the bulk composition of the syngas varies with the progress of the water gas shift reaction due to the fall in gas temperature. Some gaseous impurities also react with other constituents in the syngas to produce different impurities. The identification and determination of these various impurities require suitable sampling procedures and appropriate technology for measurement. Practical methods of measurement are described for typical impurities in syngas, which are categorized by their main elements, such as sulfur, halogen, nitrogen, and mercury.

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