Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is mainly controlled at the level of mRNA transcription, which requires complex interactions of many proteins involved in the successful formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region located near the transcription start site. Plant genomes have a large proportion of genes encoding proteins associated with transcriptional regulation. These transcription-associated proteins are classified according to functional groups: DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that activate or repress gene expression, general transcription factors (GTFs) forming the transcription PIC at core promoter elements, transcription cofactors such as coactivator mediators(Meds) and corepressors, and proteins associated with chromatin structure. In this chapter, a brief overview of the transcription cycle and the components involved in eukaryotic transcription is presented according to these functional classes. As plants have a large number of TFs that are specific to them, an overview of each TF family is described according to structural features and function.
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