Abstract
Noncommunicable complex metabolic–endocrine disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, and male hypogonadism, are commonly encountered by clinicians across a range of medical disciplines. Shared pathological features include individual predisposition conferred by polygenic traits, overweight or obesity, insulin resistance, and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. All these disorders are associated with increased risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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