Abstract
Native lignin is a kind of polymer constituted of coniferyl alcohol from softwood or a mixture of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol from hardwood. There are a little amount of p-coumaryl alcohol units linked in the lignin polymer. During the reaction of these alcohol units in the plant cell, the carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen bonds are major linkages in lignin. Besides the main bonds in lignin, some benzyl alcohol and benzyl ether groups are also formed in the lignification process of wood. Lignin is also undergoing various reactions, including color changes, sulfonation, radical polymerization grafting and degradation. The last three reactions are described in this chapter.
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