Chapter 3 - Analogue modeling as a tool to assist seismic structural interpretation in the Andean fold-and-thrust belt

Abstract

Onshore seismic imaging of fold-and-thrust belts may be compromised by intricate structural geometries. To reduce subsurface interpretation uncertainties, geoscientists use structural models. Structural templates coming from analogue models stand as a powerful tool that may also assist interpreters. Here, we present a catalog of published analogue models based on Andean Cordillera examples as natural prototypes. Additionally, we contribute with new models and reinterpret some others from an Andean perspective. These models are grouped into four structural styles: salt-bearing and multidetachment systems, inversion tectonics, strike-slip systems, and tectonosedimentary interactions. The analysis of the experimental results helps us to further understand the kinematic evolution of natural systems and improve seismic interpretation. After a proper scaling, model sections can be almost directly compared to seismic sections. Besides, new image-based techniques such as three-dimensional voxels, volumetric reconstructions, and synthetic seismic conversion are opening new analysis lines that will further help in seismic interpretation.