Abstract
Interest in the role of microbial communities in human health has grown in the past decade. Airway microbiota patterns differ by asthma status and vary across asthma phenotypes. The chapter reviews recent advances regarding bacterial airway microbiome and asthma. We introduce approaches to sampling the airway microbiome and commonly used respiratory specimens, methods to identify and characterize resident bacterial microorganisms (from culture-dependent techniques to metagenomics), and statistical approaches to study airway microbiota and its temporal dynamics. Then, we review current knowledge on the relationship between airway microbiota and asthma in children and adults. As airway microbiota may have a mediating or modulating role in the relationship between early-life environment and asthma, early-life factors influencing the development of airway microbiota are also discussed. Finally, we present the interactions between gut microbiota and airway microbiota in the context of a gut–lung axis in asthma.
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