Abstract
Reflex arcs are suppressed by a combination of inhibitory upper and lower motor neuron pathways.1 Spasticity from upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction, as in spinal cord injury (SCI), is likely caused by loss of descending inhibition that results in a net increase in the excitatory–inhibitory balance of reflexes and an increase in muscle tone and spasms. Spasticity is estimated to affect between 29% and 68% of people following SCI. Prompt management helps improve function, reduce discomfort, and reduce complications such as contractures, pain, fatigue, and pressure injuries. Proper management of spasticity is essential to maximizing the health and quality of life of people with SCI.
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