Abstract
Streptococcus (S.) suis is a Gram-positive meningitis causing bacterium in humans and pigs. The initial host response against this invading pathogen is mediated by neutrophils. These immune cells counteract bacteria after transmigration into the immune-privileged cerebrospinal fluid compartment with different mechanisms including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are DNA web-like structures with associated granule proteins that can entrap or disarm bacteria and promote inflammation of other immune cells like macrophages. To reduce detrimental site effects of accumulating NETs, the host produces NET-degrading DNases. Oxygen is crucial for antimicrobial activity of neutrophils and other cells, especially its varying level during inflammation and infection modulates host–pathogen interaction. Here, we review experimental studies in pigs designed to elucidate interactions of S. suis with host cells, e.g., neutrophils in its natural host. This includes work on the role of NETs, DNase activity, and oxygen in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis.
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