Abstract
By the middle of the 21st century, the world population will reach above 9 billion and there is an urgent demand to increase food production by 75% to feed this expanding population from the limited resources of land and water. The horticultural crops play a significant role in providing nutritionally rich and healthy food. More efficient, cost-effective, farmer-friendly agro-technology and the development of a new crop variety with higher productivity and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress factors are required to fulfill the requirements of the world population. In the present technological era, “Omics” technologies contribute better scope to identify new datasets of crop species’ functional genes and alleles and its integration with phenotypic information and pathways responsible for important agronomic phenotypes. Through the use of “Omics” technology, the genome sequences, gene expression profiles, protein content, and metabolites were analyzed and correlated with the structure, function, and crucial agronomic traits, such as grain yield, resistance to biotic, and biotic abiotic stresses. Integration of functional analysis with genomic sequence data provides more accurate gene annotations, functional markers, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) maps to understand factors influencing the phenotypic traits and metabolic process for sustainable farming.
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