Chapter 26 - A review on municipal solid wastes and their associated problems and solutions (waste-to-energy recovery and nano-treatment) with special reference to India

Abstract

India is one of the world’s fastest developing countries, and waste management will be a major issue in the future. The increasing industrialization and rapid development in India necessitate the expansion of our energy recovery from waste techniques. India’s rapid development is not only taxing its resources but also imposing environmental costs on them. The generation of waste is one of the side effects of this development process. In India, municipal solid waste management is a major environmental concern. The rate of generation of municipal solid waste in Indian cities and towns has increased as a result of rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. Mismanagement of municipal solid waste can have negative environmental consequences, as well as public health risks and other socioeconomic issues. This chapter focuses on the impact of municipal solid waste, waste generation scenarios, and waste treatment methodologies, with a particular emphasis on India. Unmanaged waste not only depletes resources but also increases expenditure. This can lead to the collapse of an economy and dire national conditions. The study discusses waste-to-energy recovery as well as the use of nanotechnology for waste management as a solution to reduce the burden of municipal solid waste in landfills, reducing the negative impacts on the environment and citizens' health.