Chapter 24 - Herbal aphrodisiac biomolecules in the management of male reproductive and sexual problems: connecting nature with clinics

Abstract

Since ancient times, humans across diverse cultures have shown keen interest in traditional herbal products which enhance sexual abilities, pleasure and libido, and improve sexual functions and potency. Herbal aphrodisiacs have been claimed to possess antistress as well as adaptogenic properties that assist in combating disease-associated stress and improving physical strength ultimately helping to alleviate the anxiety linked with lack of sexual desire and performance. Even in the modern era, particularly due to social or cultural reasons, some men still prefer the use of traditional herbal aphrodisiac products to counter sexual and/or reproductive dysfunctions. Important herbal aphrodisiacs—such as Panax ginseng, Tribulus terrestris, Eurycoma longifolia, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Ginkgo biloba, and Turnera diffusa var. aphrodisiaca have been discussed in this chapter in accordance with their effects and the potent molecules/compounds that manifest their activity. In fact, the constituent biomolecules present as the active principles of the herbal preparations behind their noticeable effects. However, there can be various pathways through which they may affect the sexual and reproductive functions, ranging from enhancement of spermatogenesis; modulation of hormonal levels (particularly testosterone) and steroidogenesis; erectogenic properties including improvement in sexual motivation, copulatory behavior, and modulation of neurotransmitters; to reduction of oxidative stress. For their potential incorporation into the clinical management of male reproductive and/or sexual disorders such as erectile dysfunction or male infertility in future, these herbal aphrodisiac biomolecules have to pass through stringent confirmatory studies including proper assessment of their safety and regulatory issues together with any side effect and associated toxicity for safe human administration.