Abstract
This chapter introduces the link between diet, gut microbiota, and host epigenetics. Environmental cues including diet and gut microbiota trigger epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression, influencing disease progression. Diet-microbe interactions have been shown to influence (1) available substrates for epigenetic modification (i.e., methyl and acetyl groups), (2) DNA methylation or histone methylation and/or acetylation, and (3) the generation of microbial metabolites that regulate the activity of epigenetic proteins such as histone deacetylases (HDACs). Conversely, the epigenome of the host also influences gut microbial composition. The goal of this chapter is to summarize current literature showing that alterations in dietary intake significantly influence the gut microbiota that, in turn, modifies the epigenome, having significant consequences on host health. Advancements in this research area are expected to lead to the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused, at least in-part, by these diet-microbiome-host epigenome interactions.
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