Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed discussion on nature-inspired 4D printing technology and its broad spectrum of possible future applications. The main focus is on using fused filament fabrication/fused deposition modeling 3D printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs) for creating shape-changing structures. The mechanism of the shape memory effect and different programming strategies for thermoresponsive SMPs are discussed in detail. For more insights, an experimental case study on the impact of varying process parameters and programming strategies on 4D-printed polymer structure is provided at the end of this chapter. The case study provides an essential aspect for controlling the shape-changing capabilities applied to few 4D-printed prototypes. This combination of shape memory property and widely used low-cost 3D printing offers a simple and economically feasible means to print very complex structures that can be self-morphing, self-healing, and reconfigurable.
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